Utilisation de la bibliothèque sys

Il s'agit de la bibliothèque système qui permet d'interagir avec l'interpréteur de Python. Elle est donc au coeur du fonctionnement de Python. Voici quelques fonctions utiles de cette bibliothèque.

import sys

Décrire mon environnement

Lorsqu'on a un bug ou simplement lorsqu'on échange du code avec une personne, il est bon de savoir exactement quelle version de Python on utilise. Il est aussi utile de savoir comment le programme a été lancé, quels ont été les arguments voire quels sont les modules chargés.

sys.version

'3.5.2 (default, Nov 23 2017, 16:37:01) \n[GCC 5.4.0 20160609]'

sys.argv

['/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/ipykernel_launcher.py',
 '-f',
 '/run/user/17041/jupyter/kernel-b5fe12d1-6aa5-4c60-ba53-6dcbae3c8b52.json']

Et oui, cette feuille n'est pas lancée avec le programme python sur ma machine mais avec ipykernel_launcher.py que je peux regarder si je désire comprendre ce qu'il fait.

Bien sûr derrière il y a Python. sys.executable donne le chemin de l'interpréteur Python utilisé.

sys.executable

'/usr/bin/python3'

Le 2ème élément et les suivants de sys.argv sont les arguments transmis à l'exécutable. On voit donc que sys.argv permet de récupérer les arguments passés à son programme Python. Pour un programme avec de nombreuses options possibles en argument, on utilisera argparse.

Les modules chargés

Enfin il peut être utile d'avoir la liste des modules chargés avec le fichier source (parfois on a le même module en différents endroits sur sa machine avec des versions différentes).

sys.modules

{'IPython': <module 'IPython' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/__init__.py'>,
 'IPython.core': <module 'IPython.core' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/__init__.py'>,
 'IPython.core.alias': <module 'IPython.core.alias' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/alias.py'>,
 'IPython.core.application': <module 'IPython.core.application' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/application.py'>,
 'IPython.core.autocall': <module 'IPython.core.autocall' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/autocall.py'>,
 'IPython.core.builtin_trap': <module 'IPython.core.builtin_trap' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/builtin_trap.py'>,
 'IPython.core.compilerop': <module 'IPython.core.compilerop' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/compilerop.py'>,
 'IPython.core.completer': <module 'IPython.core.completer' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/completer.py'>,
 'IPython.core.completerlib': <module 'IPython.core.completerlib' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/completerlib.py'>,
 'IPython.core.crashhandler': <module 'IPython.core.crashhandler' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/crashhandler.py'>,
 'IPython.core.debugger': <module 'IPython.core.debugger' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/debugger.py'>,
 'IPython.core.display': <module 'IPython.core.display' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/display.py'>,
 'IPython.core.display_trap': <module 'IPython.core.display_trap' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/display_trap.py'>,
 'IPython.core.displayhook': <module 'IPython.core.displayhook' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/displayhook.py'>,
 'IPython.core.displaypub': <module 'IPython.core.displaypub' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/displaypub.py'>,
 'IPython.core.error': <module 'IPython.core.error' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/error.py'>,
 'IPython.core.events': <module 'IPython.core.events' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/events.py'>,
 'IPython.core.excolors': <module 'IPython.core.excolors' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/excolors.py'>,
 'IPython.core.extensions': <module 'IPython.core.extensions' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/extensions.py'>,
 'IPython.core.formatters': <module 'IPython.core.formatters' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/formatters.py'>,
 'IPython.core.getipython': <module 'IPython.core.getipython' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/getipython.py'>,
 'IPython.core.history': <module 'IPython.core.history' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/history.py'>,
 'IPython.core.hooks': <module 'IPython.core.hooks' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/hooks.py'>,
 'IPython.core.inputsplitter': <module 'IPython.core.inputsplitter' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/inputsplitter.py'>,
 'IPython.core.inputtransformer': <module 'IPython.core.inputtransformer' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/inputtransformer.py'>,
 'IPython.core.interactiveshell': <module 'IPython.core.interactiveshell' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/interactiveshell.py'>,
 'IPython.core.latex_symbols': <module 'IPython.core.latex_symbols' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/latex_symbols.py'>,
 'IPython.core.logger': <module 'IPython.core.logger' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/logger.py'>,
 'IPython.core.macro': <module 'IPython.core.macro' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/macro.py'>,
 'IPython.core.magic': <module 'IPython.core.magic' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/magic.py'>,
 'IPython.core.magic_arguments': <module 'IPython.core.magic_arguments' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/magic_arguments.py'>,
 'IPython.core.magics': <module 'IPython.core.magics' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/magics/__init__.py'>,
 'IPython.core.magics.auto': <module 'IPython.core.magics.auto' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/magics/auto.py'>,
 'IPython.core.magics.basic': <module 'IPython.core.magics.basic' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/magics/basic.py'>,
 'IPython.core.magics.code': <module 'IPython.core.magics.code' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/magics/code.py'>,
 'IPython.core.magics.config': <module 'IPython.core.magics.config' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/magics/config.py'>,
 'IPython.core.magics.display': <module 'IPython.core.magics.display' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/magics/display.py'>,
 'IPython.core.magics.execution': <module 'IPython.core.magics.execution' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/magics/execution.py'>,
 'IPython.core.magics.extension': <module 'IPython.core.magics.extension' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/magics/extension.py'>,
 'IPython.core.magics.history': <module 'IPython.core.magics.history' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/magics/history.py'>,
 'IPython.core.magics.logging': <module 'IPython.core.magics.logging' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/magics/logging.py'>,
 'IPython.core.magics.namespace': <module 'IPython.core.magics.namespace' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/magics/namespace.py'>,
 'IPython.core.magics.osm': <module 'IPython.core.magics.osm' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/magics/osm.py'>,
 'IPython.core.magics.pylab': <module 'IPython.core.magics.pylab' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/magics/pylab.py'>,
 'IPython.core.magics.script': <module 'IPython.core.magics.script' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/magics/script.py'>,
 'IPython.core.oinspect': <module 'IPython.core.oinspect' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/oinspect.py'>,
 'IPython.core.page': <module 'IPython.core.page' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/page.py'>,
 'IPython.core.payload': <module 'IPython.core.payload' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/payload.py'>,
 'IPython.core.payloadpage': <module 'IPython.core.payloadpage' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/payloadpage.py'>,
 'IPython.core.prefilter': <module 'IPython.core.prefilter' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/prefilter.py'>,
 'IPython.core.profiledir': <module 'IPython.core.profiledir' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/profiledir.py'>,
 'IPython.core.pylabtools': <module 'IPython.core.pylabtools' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/pylabtools.py'>,
 'IPython.core.release': <module 'IPython.core.release' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/release.py'>,
 'IPython.core.shellapp': <module 'IPython.core.shellapp' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/shellapp.py'>,
 'IPython.core.splitinput': <module 'IPython.core.splitinput' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/splitinput.py'>,
 'IPython.core.ultratb': <module 'IPython.core.ultratb' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/ultratb.py'>,
 'IPython.core.usage': <module 'IPython.core.usage' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/core/usage.py'>,
 'IPython.display': <module 'IPython.display' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/display.py'>,
 'IPython.extensions': <module 'IPython.extensions' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/extensions/__init__.py'>,
 'IPython.extensions.storemagic': <module 'IPython.extensions.storemagic' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/extensions/storemagic.py'>,
 'IPython.lib': <module 'IPython.lib' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/lib/__init__.py'>,
 'IPython.lib.backgroundjobs': <module 'IPython.lib.backgroundjobs' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/lib/backgroundjobs.py'>,
 'IPython.lib.clipboard': <module 'IPython.lib.clipboard' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/lib/clipboard.py'>,
 'IPython.lib.display': <module 'IPython.lib.display' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/lib/display.py'>,
 'IPython.lib.pretty': <module 'IPython.lib.pretty' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/lib/pretty.py'>,
 'IPython.lib.security': <module 'IPython.lib.security' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/lib/security.py'>,
 'IPython.paths': <module 'IPython.paths' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/paths.py'>,
 'IPython.terminal': <module 'IPython.terminal' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/terminal/__init__.py'>,
 'IPython.terminal.debugger': <module 'IPython.terminal.debugger' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/terminal/debugger.py'>,
 'IPython.terminal.embed': <module 'IPython.terminal.embed' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/terminal/embed.py'>,
 'IPython.terminal.interactiveshell': <module 'IPython.terminal.interactiveshell' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/terminal/interactiveshell.py'>,
 'IPython.terminal.ipapp': <module 'IPython.terminal.ipapp' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/terminal/ipapp.py'>,
 'IPython.terminal.magics': <module 'IPython.terminal.magics' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/terminal/magics.py'>,
 'IPython.terminal.prompts': <module 'IPython.terminal.prompts' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/terminal/prompts.py'>,
 'IPython.terminal.pt_inputhooks': <module 'IPython.terminal.pt_inputhooks' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/terminal/pt_inputhooks/__init__.py'>,
 'IPython.terminal.ptutils': <module 'IPython.terminal.ptutils' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/terminal/ptutils.py'>,
 'IPython.terminal.shortcuts': <module 'IPython.terminal.shortcuts' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/terminal/shortcuts.py'>,
 'IPython.testing': <module 'IPython.testing' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/testing/__init__.py'>,
 'IPython.testing.skipdoctest': <module 'IPython.testing.skipdoctest' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/testing/skipdoctest.py'>,
 'IPython.utils': <module 'IPython.utils' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/__init__.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.PyColorize': <module 'IPython.utils.PyColorize' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/PyColorize.py'>,
 'IPython.utils._process_common': <module 'IPython.utils._process_common' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/_process_common.py'>,
 'IPython.utils._process_posix': <module 'IPython.utils._process_posix' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/_process_posix.py'>,
 'IPython.utils._sysinfo': <module 'IPython.utils._sysinfo' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/_sysinfo.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.capture': <module 'IPython.utils.capture' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/capture.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.colorable': <module 'IPython.utils.colorable' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/colorable.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.coloransi': <module 'IPython.utils.coloransi' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/coloransi.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.contexts': <module 'IPython.utils.contexts' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/contexts.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.data': <module 'IPython.utils.data' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/data.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.decorators': <module 'IPython.utils.decorators' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/decorators.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.dir2': <module 'IPython.utils.dir2' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/dir2.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.encoding': <module 'IPython.utils.encoding' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/encoding.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.frame': <module 'IPython.utils.frame' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/frame.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.generics': <module 'IPython.utils.generics' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/generics.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.importstring': <module 'IPython.utils.importstring' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/importstring.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.io': <module 'IPython.utils.io' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/io.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.ipstruct': <module 'IPython.utils.ipstruct' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/ipstruct.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.module_paths': <module 'IPython.utils.module_paths' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/module_paths.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.openpy': <module 'IPython.utils.openpy' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/openpy.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.path': <module 'IPython.utils.path' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/path.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.process': <module 'IPython.utils.process' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/process.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.py3compat': <module 'IPython.utils.py3compat' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/py3compat.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.sentinel': <module 'IPython.utils.sentinel' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/sentinel.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.strdispatch': <module 'IPython.utils.strdispatch' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/strdispatch.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.sysinfo': <module 'IPython.utils.sysinfo' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/sysinfo.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.syspathcontext': <module 'IPython.utils.syspathcontext' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/syspathcontext.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.tempdir': <module 'IPython.utils.tempdir' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/tempdir.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.terminal': <module 'IPython.utils.terminal' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/terminal.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.text': <module 'IPython.utils.text' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/text.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.timing': <module 'IPython.utils.timing' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/timing.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.tokenize2': <module 'IPython.utils.tokenize2' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/tokenize2.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.tokenutil': <module 'IPython.utils.tokenutil' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/tokenutil.py'>,
 'IPython.utils.wildcard': <module 'IPython.utils.wildcard' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/utils/wildcard.py'>,
 '__future__': <module '__future__' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/__future__.py'>,
 '__main__': <module '__main__'>,
 '__mp_main__': <module 'ipykernel_launcher' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/ipykernel_launcher.py'>,
 '_ast': <module '_ast' (built-in)>,
 '_bisect': <module '_bisect' (built-in)>,
 '_bootlocale': <module '_bootlocale' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/_bootlocale.py'>,
 '_bz2': <module '_bz2' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload/_bz2.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>,
 '_codecs': <module '_codecs' (built-in)>,
 '_collections': <module '_collections' (built-in)>,
 '_collections_abc': <module '_collections_abc' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/_collections_abc.py'>,
 '_compat_pickle': <module '_compat_pickle' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/_compat_pickle.py'>,
 '_compression': <module '_compression' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/_compression.py'>,
 '_ctypes': <module '_ctypes' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload/_ctypes.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>,
 '_curses': <module '_curses' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload/_curses.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>,
 '_cython_0_27_3': <module '_cython_0_27_3'>,
 '_datetime': <module '_datetime' (built-in)>,
 '_decimal': <module '_decimal' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload/_decimal.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>,
 '_frozen_importlib': <module 'importlib._bootstrap' (frozen)>,
 '_frozen_importlib_external': <module 'importlib._bootstrap_external' (frozen)>,
 '_functools': <module '_functools' (built-in)>,
 '_hashlib': <module '_hashlib' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload/_hashlib.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>,
 '_heapq': <module '_heapq' (built-in)>,
 '_imp': <module '_imp' (built-in)>,
 '_io': <module 'io' (built-in)>,
 '_json': <module '_json' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload/_json.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>,
 '_locale': <module '_locale' (built-in)>,
 '_lsprof': <module '_lsprof' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload/_lsprof.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>,
 '_lzma': <module '_lzma' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload/_lzma.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>,
 '_multiprocessing': <module '_multiprocessing' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload/_multiprocessing.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>,
 '_opcode': <module '_opcode' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload/_opcode.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>,
 '_operator': <module '_operator' (built-in)>,
 '_pickle': <module '_pickle' (built-in)>,
 '_posixsubprocess': <module '_posixsubprocess' (built-in)>,
 '_random': <module '_random' (built-in)>,
 '_signal': <module '_signal' (built-in)>,
 '_sitebuiltins': <module '_sitebuiltins' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/_sitebuiltins.py'>,
 '_socket': <module '_socket' (built-in)>,
 '_sqlite3': <module '_sqlite3' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload/_sqlite3.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>,
 '_sre': <module '_sre' (built-in)>,
 '_ssl': <module '_ssl' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload/_ssl.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>,
 '_stat': <module '_stat' (built-in)>,
 '_string': <module '_string' (built-in)>,
 '_strptime': <module '_strptime' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/_strptime.py'>,
 '_struct': <module '_struct' (built-in)>,
 '_sysconfigdata': <module '_sysconfigdata' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/_sysconfigdata.py'>,
 '_sysconfigdata_m': <module '_sysconfigdata_m' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/plat-x86_64-linux-gnu/_sysconfigdata_m.py'>,
 '_thread': <module '_thread' (built-in)>,
 '_warnings': <module '_warnings' (built-in)>,
 '_weakref': <module '_weakref' (built-in)>,
 '_weakrefset': <module '_weakrefset' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/_weakrefset.py'>,
 'abc': <module 'abc' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/abc.py'>,
 'apport_python_hook': <module 'apport_python_hook' from '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport_python_hook.py'>,
 'argparse': <module 'argparse' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/argparse.py'>,
 'array': <module 'array' (built-in)>,
 'ast': <module 'ast' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/ast.py'>,
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 'prompt_toolkit.layout.utils': <module 'prompt_toolkit.layout.utils' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/prompt_toolkit/layout/utils.py'>,
 'prompt_toolkit.mouse_events': <module 'prompt_toolkit.mouse_events' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/prompt_toolkit/mouse_events.py'>,
 'prompt_toolkit.output': <module 'prompt_toolkit.output' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/prompt_toolkit/output.py'>,
 'prompt_toolkit.reactive': <module 'prompt_toolkit.reactive' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/prompt_toolkit/reactive.py'>,
 'prompt_toolkit.renderer': <module 'prompt_toolkit.renderer' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/prompt_toolkit/renderer.py'>,
 'prompt_toolkit.search_state': <module 'prompt_toolkit.search_state' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/prompt_toolkit/search_state.py'>,
 'prompt_toolkit.selection': <module 'prompt_toolkit.selection' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/prompt_toolkit/selection.py'>,
 'prompt_toolkit.shortcuts': <module 'prompt_toolkit.shortcuts' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/prompt_toolkit/shortcuts.py'>,
 'prompt_toolkit.styles': <module 'prompt_toolkit.styles' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/prompt_toolkit/styles/__init__.py'>,
 'prompt_toolkit.styles.base': <module 'prompt_toolkit.styles.base' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/prompt_toolkit/styles/base.py'>,
 'prompt_toolkit.styles.defaults': <module 'prompt_toolkit.styles.defaults' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/prompt_toolkit/styles/defaults.py'>,
 'prompt_toolkit.styles.from_dict': <module 'prompt_toolkit.styles.from_dict' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/prompt_toolkit/styles/from_dict.py'>,
 'prompt_toolkit.styles.from_pygments': <module 'prompt_toolkit.styles.from_pygments' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/prompt_toolkit/styles/from_pygments.py'>,
 'prompt_toolkit.styles.utils': <module 'prompt_toolkit.styles.utils' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/prompt_toolkit/styles/utils.py'>,
 'prompt_toolkit.terminal': <module 'prompt_toolkit.terminal' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/prompt_toolkit/terminal/__init__.py'>,
 'prompt_toolkit.terminal.vt100_input': <module 'prompt_toolkit.terminal.vt100_input' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/prompt_toolkit/terminal/vt100_input.py'>,
 'prompt_toolkit.terminal.vt100_output': <module 'prompt_toolkit.terminal.vt100_output' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/prompt_toolkit/terminal/vt100_output.py'>,
 'prompt_toolkit.token': <module 'prompt_toolkit.token' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/prompt_toolkit/token.py'>,
 'prompt_toolkit.utils': <module 'prompt_toolkit.utils' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/prompt_toolkit/utils.py'>,
 'prompt_toolkit.validation': <module 'prompt_toolkit.validation' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/prompt_toolkit/validation.py'>,
 'pstats': <module 'pstats' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/pstats.py'>,
 'pty': <module 'pty' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/pty.py'>,
 'ptyprocess': <module 'ptyprocess' from '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/ptyprocess/__init__.py'>,
 'ptyprocess.ptyprocess': <module 'ptyprocess.ptyprocess' from '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/ptyprocess/ptyprocess.py'>,
 'ptyprocess.util': <module 'ptyprocess.util' from '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/ptyprocess/util.py'>,
 'pwd': <module 'pwd' (built-in)>,
 'pydoc': <module 'pydoc' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/pydoc.py'>,
 'pydoc_data': <module 'pydoc_data' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/pydoc_data/__init__.py'>,
 'pydoc_data.topics': <module 'pydoc_data.topics' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/pydoc_data/topics.py'>,
 'pyexpat': <module 'pyexpat' (built-in)>,
 'pyexpat.errors': <module 'pyexpat.errors'>,
 'pyexpat.model': <module 'pyexpat.model'>,
 'pygments': <module 'pygments' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pygments/__init__.py'>,
 'pygments.filter': <module 'pygments.filter' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pygments/filter.py'>,
 'pygments.filters': <module 'pygments.filters' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pygments/filters/__init__.py'>,
 'pygments.formatter': <module 'pygments.formatter' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pygments/formatter.py'>,
 'pygments.formatters': <module 'pygments.formatters' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pygments/formatters/__init__.py'>,
 'pygments.formatters._mapping': <module 'pygments.formatters._mapping' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pygments/formatters/_mapping.py'>,
 'pygments.formatters.html': <module 'pygments.formatters.html' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pygments/formatters/html.py'>,
 'pygments.lexer': <module 'pygments.lexer' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pygments/lexer.py'>,
 'pygments.lexers': <module 'pygments.lexers' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pygments/lexers/__init__.py'>,
 'pygments.lexers._mapping': <module 'pygments.lexers._mapping' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pygments/lexers/_mapping.py'>,
 'pygments.lexers.python': <module 'pygments.lexers.python' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pygments/lexers/python.py'>,
 'pygments.modeline': <module 'pygments.modeline' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pygments/modeline.py'>,
 'pygments.plugin': <module 'pygments.plugin' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pygments/plugin.py'>,
 'pygments.regexopt': <module 'pygments.regexopt' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pygments/regexopt.py'>,
 'pygments.style': <module 'pygments.style' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pygments/style.py'>,
 'pygments.styles': <module 'pygments.styles' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pygments/styles/__init__.py'>,
 'pygments.styles.default': <module 'pygments.styles.default' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pygments/styles/default.py'>,
 'pygments.token': <module 'pygments.token' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pygments/token.py'>,
 'pygments.unistring': <module 'pygments.unistring' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pygments/unistring.py'>,
 'pygments.util': <module 'pygments.util' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pygments/util.py'>,
 'queue': <module 'queue' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/queue.py'>,
 'quopri': <module 'quopri' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/quopri.py'>,
 'random': <module 'random' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/random.py'>,
 're': <module 're' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/re.py'>,
 'reprlib': <module 'reprlib' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/reprlib.py'>,
 'resource': <module 'resource' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload/resource.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>,
 'runpy': <module 'runpy' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/runpy.py'>,
 'select': <module 'select' (built-in)>,
 'selectors': <module 'selectors' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/selectors.py'>,
 'shlex': <module 'shlex' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/shlex.py'>,
 'shutil': <module 'shutil' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/shutil.py'>,
 'signal': <module 'signal' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/signal.py'>,
 'simplegeneric': <module 'simplegeneric' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/simplegeneric.py'>,
 'site': <module 'site' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/site.py'>,
 'sitecustomize': <module 'sitecustomize' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/sitecustomize.py'>,
 'six': <module 'six' from '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/six.py'>,
 'six.moves': <module 'six.moves' (<six._SixMetaPathImporter object at 0x7ff40cab9898>)>,
 'socket': <module 'socket' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/socket.py'>,
 'sqlite3': <module 'sqlite3' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/sqlite3/__init__.py'>,
 'sqlite3.dbapi2': <module 'sqlite3.dbapi2' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/sqlite3/dbapi2.py'>,
 'sre_compile': <module 'sre_compile' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/sre_compile.py'>,
 'sre_constants': <module 'sre_constants' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/sre_constants.py'>,
 'sre_parse': <module 'sre_parse' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/sre_parse.py'>,
 'ssl': <module 'ssl' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/ssl.py'>,
 'stat': <module 'stat' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/stat.py'>,
 'storemagic': <module 'storemagic' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/extensions/storemagic.py'>,
 'string': <module 'string' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/string.py'>,
 'struct': <module 'struct' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/struct.py'>,
 'subprocess': <module 'subprocess' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/subprocess.py'>,
 'sys': <module 'sys' (built-in)>,
 'sysconfig': <module 'sysconfig' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/sysconfig.py'>,
 'tarfile': <module 'tarfile' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/tarfile.py'>,
 'tempfile': <module 'tempfile' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/tempfile.py'>,
 'termios': <module 'termios' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload/termios.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>,
 'textwrap': <module 'textwrap' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/textwrap.py'>,
 'threading': <module 'threading' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/threading.py'>,
 'time': <module 'time' (built-in)>,
 'timeit': <module 'timeit' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/timeit.py'>,
 'token': <module 'token' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/token.py'>,
 'tokenize': <module 'tokenize' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/tokenize.py'>,
 'tornado': <module 'tornado' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/tornado/__init__.py'>,
 'tornado.concurrent': <module 'tornado.concurrent' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/tornado/concurrent.py'>,
 'tornado.escape': <module 'tornado.escape' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/tornado/escape.py'>,
 'tornado.gen': <module 'tornado.gen' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/tornado/gen.py'>,
 'tornado.ioloop': <module 'tornado.ioloop' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/tornado/ioloop.py'>,
 'tornado.log': <module 'tornado.log' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/tornado/log.py'>,
 'tornado.platform': <module 'tornado.platform' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/tornado/platform/__init__.py'>,
 'tornado.platform.asyncio': <module 'tornado.platform.asyncio' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/tornado/platform/asyncio.py'>,
 'tornado.platform.auto': <module 'tornado.platform.auto' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/tornado/platform/auto.py'>,
 'tornado.platform.common': <module 'tornado.platform.common' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/tornado/platform/common.py'>,
 'tornado.platform.interface': <module 'tornado.platform.interface' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/tornado/platform/interface.py'>,
 'tornado.platform.posix': <module 'tornado.platform.posix' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/tornado/platform/posix.py'>,
 'tornado.stack_context': <module 'tornado.stack_context' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/tornado/stack_context.py'>,
 'tornado.util': <module 'tornado.util' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/tornado/util.py'>,
 'traceback': <module 'traceback' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/traceback.py'>,
 'traitlets': <module 'traitlets' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/traitlets/__init__.py'>,
 'traitlets._version': <module 'traitlets._version' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/traitlets/_version.py'>,
 'traitlets.config': <module 'traitlets.config' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/traitlets/config/__init__.py'>,
 'traitlets.config.application': <module 'traitlets.config.application' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/traitlets/config/application.py'>,
 'traitlets.config.configurable': <module 'traitlets.config.configurable' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/traitlets/config/configurable.py'>,
 'traitlets.config.loader': <module 'traitlets.config.loader' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/traitlets/config/loader.py'>,
 'traitlets.log': <module 'traitlets.log' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/traitlets/log.py'>,
 'traitlets.traitlets': <module 'traitlets.traitlets' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/traitlets/traitlets.py'>,
 'traitlets.utils': <module 'traitlets.utils' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/traitlets/utils/__init__.py'>,
 'traitlets.utils.bunch': <module 'traitlets.utils.bunch' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/traitlets/utils/bunch.py'>,
 'traitlets.utils.getargspec': <module 'traitlets.utils.getargspec' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/traitlets/utils/getargspec.py'>,
 'traitlets.utils.importstring': <module 'traitlets.utils.importstring' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/traitlets/utils/importstring.py'>,
 'traitlets.utils.sentinel': <module 'traitlets.utils.sentinel' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/traitlets/utils/sentinel.py'>,
 'tty': <module 'tty' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/tty.py'>,
 'types': <module 'types' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/types.py'>,
 'typing': <module 'typing' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/typing.py'>,
 'typing.io': typing.io,
 'typing.re': typing.re,
 'unicodedata': <module 'unicodedata' (built-in)>,
 'urllib': <module 'urllib' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/urllib/__init__.py'>,
 'urllib.parse': <module 'urllib.parse' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/urllib/parse.py'>,
 'uu': <module 'uu' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/uu.py'>,
 'uuid': <module 'uuid' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/uuid.py'>,
 'warnings': <module 'warnings' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/warnings.py'>,
 'wcwidth': <module 'wcwidth' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/wcwidth/__init__.py'>,
 'wcwidth.table_wide': <module 'wcwidth.table_wide' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/wcwidth/table_wide.py'>,
 'wcwidth.table_zero': <module 'wcwidth.table_zero' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/wcwidth/table_zero.py'>,
 'wcwidth.wcwidth': <module 'wcwidth.wcwidth' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/wcwidth/wcwidth.py'>,
 'weakref': <module 'weakref' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/weakref.py'>,
 'xml': <module 'xml' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/xml/__init__.py'>,
 'xml.parsers': <module 'xml.parsers' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/xml/parsers/__init__.py'>,
 'xml.parsers.expat': <module 'xml.parsers.expat' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/xml/parsers/expat.py'>,
 'xml.parsers.expat.errors': <module 'pyexpat.errors'>,
 'xml.parsers.expat.model': <module 'pyexpat.model'>,
 'zipfile': <module 'zipfile' from '/usr/lib/python3.5/zipfile.py'>,
 'zipimport': <module 'zipimport' (built-in)>,
 'zlib': <module 'zlib' (built-in)>,
 'zmq': <module 'zmq' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/__init__.py'>,
 'zmq.backend': <module 'zmq.backend' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/backend/__init__.py'>,
 'zmq.backend.cython': <module 'zmq.backend.cython' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/backend/cython/__init__.py'>,
 'zmq.backend.cython._device': <module 'zmq.backend.cython._device' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/backend/cython/_device.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>,
 'zmq.backend.cython._poll': <module 'zmq.backend.cython._poll' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/backend/cython/_poll.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>,
 'zmq.backend.cython._version': <module 'zmq.backend.cython._version' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/backend/cython/_version.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>,
 'zmq.backend.cython.constants': <module 'zmq.backend.cython.constants' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/backend/cython/constants.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>,
 'zmq.backend.cython.context': <module 'zmq.backend.cython.context' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/backend/cython/context.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>,
 'zmq.backend.cython.error': <module 'zmq.backend.cython.error' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/backend/cython/error.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>,
 'zmq.backend.cython.message': <module 'zmq.backend.cython.message' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/backend/cython/message.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>,
 'zmq.backend.cython.socket': <module 'zmq.backend.cython.socket' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/backend/cython/socket.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>,
 'zmq.backend.cython.utils': <module 'zmq.backend.cython.utils' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/backend/cython/utils.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>,
 'zmq.backend.select': <module 'zmq.backend.select' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/backend/select.py'>,
 'zmq.error': <module 'zmq.error' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/error.py'>,
 'zmq.eventloop': <module 'zmq.eventloop' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/eventloop/__init__.py'>,
 'zmq.eventloop.ioloop': <module 'zmq.eventloop.ioloop' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/eventloop/ioloop.py'>,
 'zmq.eventloop.zmqstream': <module 'zmq.eventloop.zmqstream' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/eventloop/zmqstream.py'>,
 'zmq.sugar': <module 'zmq.sugar' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/sugar/__init__.py'>,
 'zmq.sugar.attrsettr': <module 'zmq.sugar.attrsettr' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/sugar/attrsettr.py'>,
 'zmq.sugar.constants': <module 'zmq.sugar.constants' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/sugar/constants.py'>,
 'zmq.sugar.context': <module 'zmq.sugar.context' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/sugar/context.py'>,
 'zmq.sugar.frame': <module 'zmq.sugar.frame' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/sugar/frame.py'>,
 'zmq.sugar.poll': <module 'zmq.sugar.poll' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/sugar/poll.py'>,
 'zmq.sugar.socket': <module 'zmq.sugar.socket' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/sugar/socket.py'>,
 'zmq.sugar.stopwatch': <module 'zmq.sugar.stopwatch' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/sugar/stopwatch.py'>,
 'zmq.sugar.tracker': <module 'zmq.sugar.tracker' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/sugar/tracker.py'>,
 'zmq.sugar.version': <module 'zmq.sugar.version' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/sugar/version.py'>,
 'zmq.utils': <module 'zmq.utils' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/utils/__init__.py'>,
 'zmq.utils.constant_names': <module 'zmq.utils.constant_names' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/utils/constant_names.py'>,
 'zmq.utils.jsonapi': <module 'zmq.utils.jsonapi' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/utils/jsonapi.py'>,
 'zmq.utils.strtypes': <module 'zmq.utils.strtypes' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/zmq/utils/strtypes.py'>}

Si on se demande comment il se fait que c'est tel module qui a été chargé, on peut savoir quels sont les chemins qu'utilise Python pour trouver les modules avec path :

sys.path

['',
 '/usr/lib/python35.zip',
 '/usr/lib/python3.5',
 '/usr/lib/python3.5/plat-x86_64-linux-gnu',
 '/usr/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload',
 '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages',
 '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages',
 '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/IPython/extensions',
 '/home/ricou/.ipython']

Informations sur le stockage des données

sys permet d'avoir des informations sur les réels et les entiers. Par exemple float_info.dig indique la précision des réels à savoir qu'on a 15 chiffres significatifs.

sys.float_info

sys.float_info(max=1.7976931348623157e+308, max_exp=1024, max_10_exp=308, min=2.2250738585072014e-308, min_exp=-1021, min_10_exp=-307, dig=15, mant_dig=53, epsilon=2.220446049250313e-16, radix=2, rounds=1)

a = 1234567890.123456789012345   # 25 significant digits
a                                # just prints 17 digits, so is it 17 significant digits?

1234567890.1234567

a = 1234567890123456.7   # 17 significant digits
a                        # but the last one is wrong

1234567890123456.8

Il semble donc qu'on ne puisse compter que sur 16 chiffres significatifs mais peut-être que d'autres expériences vicieuses montrent qu'en fait il n'y a que 15 chiffres significatifs comme annoncé.

Pour les entiers int, il n'y a pas de limite :

n = 11**40
n

452592555681759518058893560348969204658401

Bien sûr la taille pour stocker un entier augmente avec cet entier (ce qui n'est pas le cas pour les réels qui sont limités).

print('size of a: %d bytes' % sys.getsizeof(a))
b = 1000000 * a
print('size of b: %d bytes' % sys.getsizeof(b))

print('size of n: %d bytes' % sys.getsizeof(n))
p = 1000000 * n
print('size of p: %d bytes' % sys.getsizeof(p))

size of a: 24 bytes
size of b: 24 bytes
size of n: 44 bytes
size of p: 48 bytes

getsizeof permet donc de savoir combien d'octets utilise une variable y compris complexe.

sys.getsizeof({'tomate':33, 'prix':3.23})

288

Le piège

Si vous avez l'habitude, vous devez trouver que 24 octets pour stocker un réel c'est beaucoup et vous avez raison. En fait c'est objet réel qui est stocké. Sur les 24 octets beaucoup de place est pour la structure de l'objet et non pas la valeur du réel. On s'en rend bien compte lorsqu'on fait un tableau de réels :

tab = [i+i/10 for i in range(100)]
sys.getsizeof(tab)

912

On descend à 9,12 octets par case ce qui laisse penser que la zone pour stocker le réel est de 8 octets comme pour tout réel en double précision.

Autres fonctions

sys dispose d'autres fonctions qui permettent d'en savoir plus sur l'exécution de son code voire de contrôler les limites de l'interpréteur (par exemple le nombre maximum de récursions autorisées). On laissera le passionné regarder la documentation pour plus en savoir plus sur la mécanique de l'interpréteur Python.

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